The Immune System Under Pressure
COVID-19 has put our immune systems to the test. While it's always been true that proper nutrition, regular exercise, quality sleep, and stress reduction support a strong immune system, these pillars of wellness are even more critical during a pandemic.
In this context, emerging research on omega-3 fatty acids—specifically EPA and DHA—has gained renewed attention for their potential role in immune health and even COVID-19 treatment.
Omega-3s in Early COVID-19 Intervention Research
Several companies have initiated clinical trials exploring the effects of omega-3s on COVID-19 outcomes. Though still in early stages, these trials reflect the growing interest in the intersection between fatty acids and immune response.
KD Pharma’s EPAspire Trial
The German company KD Pharma has launched a clinical trial to test its EPA-based pharmaceutical, EPAspire, in patients with early-stage COVID-19. Approved by the UK’s regulatory authority (MHRA), and pending approval in other countries including the U.S., this trial involves administering the omega-3 treatment shortly after hospitalization.
Participants will receive the supplement for one month with a two-week follow-up. Researchers will monitor disease progression and inflammation markers, hoping to reduce mortality rates among critically ill patients.
Kerecis’ Viruxide Spray Trial
In Iceland, Kerecis and the National Hospital of Iceland are conducting a randomized, double-blind clinical trial testing their Omega3 Viruxide spray. The spray, already approved for wound care, is now being investigated for its ability to slow COVID-19 progression by targeting early infection sites in the mouth and nose.
Italian doctors began using the spray off-label after observing positive results in more than 70 patients, prompting formal investigation of its potential as an antiviral intervention.
Omega-3s and ARDS: Mixed but Promising Results
One of the most dangerous COVID-19 complications is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which can lead to ventilation and intensive care. Several studies have examined whether omega-3s can help improve outcomes in ARDS patients.
A 2014 meta-analysis of seven RCTs found no significant benefit of omega-3 supplementation for ARDS mortality or hospital stay. However, a more recent meta-analysis of 12 trials suggested that omega-3s might improve oxygenation and reduce the duration of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation.
These findings indicate that while more research is needed, omega-3 supplementation could be a beneficial strategy for managing ARDS.
Nutritional Guidance for Immune Health
Leading researchers in nutrition and immunology have emphasized the importance of key nutrients—including omega-3s—for immune system support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their primary recommendations included:
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Supplementing with vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, folate, zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, copper, and omega-3s as a low-cost strategy to enhance immune function
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Dosing above the Recommended Daily Allowance (but within safe limits) for nutrients like vitamin C and D
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Encouraging public health agencies to promote nutrition-focused approaches
For omega-3s, the daily recommendation is at least 250 mg, though reaching and maintaining an Omega-3 Index of 8–12% may offer more meaningful benefits.
Review of Omega-3s and Immune Modulation
A comprehensive review published earlier this year evaluated various nutrients and food components—including omega-3 fatty acids—for their immunomodulatory effects.
The findings suggest that omega-3s may contribute to immune function through anti-inflammatory mechanisms, immune cell regulation, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Still, the researchers emphasized that more clarity is needed regarding optimal dosages, particularly across different ages, genetic backgrounds, and health conditions.
Omega-3 Supplement Use Is on the Rise
With heightened awareness of immune health, more consumers are turning to supplements. A March 2020 survey of 1,000 U.S. consumers found that 36% had increased their supplement use since the start of the pandemic. Even more revealing, 39% said they expected to increase use in the following three months—including 20% of people who previously never took supplements.
Sales of omega-3s, alongside immune boosters like vitamin D and probiotics, are surging again—echoing trends from the 2007–2009 economic downturn, when omega-3 sales grew by an average of 23%.
The Role of the Omega-3 Index
Despite growing use of supplements, most people have no idea whether they’re getting enough omega-3s to achieve actual health benefits. That’s where the Omega-3 Index becomes essential.
By testing the Omega-3 Index—a simple, safe, and effective blood test—consumers can assess their current EPA and DHA levels and adjust their intake accordingly. Reaching an index of 8% or higher is associated with numerous health benefits, including better cardiovascular and immune health.
Looking Ahead
Although the research connecting omega-3s and COVID-19 is still evolving, early studies suggest a potential benefit for reducing disease severity and supporting immune resilience. The pandemic has renewed interest in nutrition’s role in immune health, and omega-3s remain central to that conversation.
As always, the best approach is an evidence-based one. By testing your Omega-3 Index and tailoring your intake of EPA and DHA, you can make meaningful strides toward optimizing your health—pandemic or not.
